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? 工厂方法(创建型模式)

定义一个创建对象的接口，但让实现这个接口的类来决定实例化哪个类。工厂方法让类的实例化推迟到子类中进行。

示例：

protocol CurrencyDescribing {
    var symbol: String { get }
    var code: String { get }
}

final class Euro: CurrencyDescribing {
    var symbol: String {
        return "€"
    }
    
    var code: String {
        return "EUR"
    }
}

final class UnitedStatesDolar: CurrencyDescribing {
    var symbol: String {
        return "$"
    }
    
    var code: String {
        return "USD"
    }
}

enum Country {
    case unitedStates
    case spain
    case uk
    case greece
}

enum CurrencyFactory {
    static func currency(for country: Country) -> CurrencyDescribing? {

        switch country {
            case .spain, .greece:
                return Euro()
            case .unitedStates:
                return UnitedStatesDolar()
            default:
                return nil
        }
        
    }
}

用法

let noCurrencyCode = "No Currency Code Available"

CurrencyFactory.currency(for: .greece)?.code ?? noCurrencyCode
CurrencyFactory.currency(for: .spain)?.code ?? noCurrencyCode
CurrencyFactory.currency(for: .unitedStates)?.code ?? noCurrencyCode
CurrencyFactory.currency(for: .uk)?.code ?? noCurrencyCode

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